In 5: 16-18 Paul explains how the life of the Christian should be under the control of the Holy Spirit, with the contrast indicated on 5: 18, that it should not be under the control of the Law. In the power of the Holy Spirit, all the weakness of human nature can be overcome. Paul is not contrasting spirit and flesh in the Greek way in this passage but thinking rather of the sinful, self-centred and unspiritual desires which control the whole intention and behaviour of the person who is not 'in Christ'. Sinful self and the Holy Spirit are in direct opposition.

In 5: 19-21, Paul illustrates clearly what the products of sinful, selfish human nature are. He lists fifteen evil attitudes and sins. 'What human nature does is quite plain. It shows itself in immoral, filthy and indecent actions: in worship of idols and witchcraft. People become enemies and they fight; they become jealous, angry and ambitious. They separate into parties and groups: they are envious, get drunk and have orgies ... those who do these things will not possess the Kingdom of God'. This passage reflects the teaching of Jesus in Mark 7:21-23. Paul had warned the Galatians about these things before.

In 5:22-23, Paul gives the sharpest contrast to what he has just said.

He illustrates the products of the life which is under the control of the Holy Spirit, and lists nine beautiful qualities. 'The Spirit produces love, joy, peace, patience, kindness, goodness, faithfulness, humility and self-control.' These qualities need no guidance or restraint from law. In 5:24-26, Paul applies what he said in 2:20 to practical Christian living. Sinful, selfish human nature has to be put to death. When Jesus said, 'You must be perfect, just as your Father in heaven is perfect!' (Matthew 5:48), he left no place for sin in his followers. Those who desire the Holy Spirit to control their lives must be totally committed to the consequences. If we allow the Holy Spirit to control us, self must die.

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